Subject: Social Studies
Topography is the configuration of the earth's surface including its relief and the positions of its natural and man-made features. Earth has uneven surfaces which differ from place to place. It consists of valleys, mountains, plains, foothills, basins etc. and all these varied land structures are called as topography. It is the opposite of weather, which is always changing.
Our earth consists of two components, namely, land and water. They are called as continents and oceans respectively. Land mass covers nearly 29% and water mass covers nearly 71% of total earth's surface. Mountains, valleys, gorges, lakes, rivers, plains and land forms are the parts of earth surface, which is simply known as in aggregate as topography. This topography is divided into seven continents namely Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia and five oceans namely Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic.
The topography of the earth is known as the 'local history' of earth. It is to determine the position of any features or more generally any points like lands forms, longitudes, laltitudes etc. of earth. The topography of the earth goes on changing from time to time.
There are mainly two factors that change the topography of the earth's surface. They are internal factors and external factors.
Internal Factors
The interior forces that cause changes in the earth's surface are known as internal factors. They are active beneath the earth's surface and cause changes in the crust of the earth's surface. It can bring changes in avery short period of time because of their abrupt nature. For example, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions which are originated under the earth's surface.
External Factors
External factors are the processes external to earth's surface. It brings changes on the earth's surface externally which is continuously active on the earth's surface. Rivers, glacial currents, waves, rainfall, living beings etc. are some of the examples of external factors that bring changes on the earth's surface. It appears after a period of time with erosion, transportation, and deposition processes. Due to these effects, landforms change into plates, U and I shape valleys, small hills etc.
What is topography?
The configuration of a surface including its features and the position of natural and man-made features is known as topography.
What are the three-fold actions of rivers and glaciers? Mention how do they bring changes.
The three-fold actions of rivers and glaciers are as follows:
They bring changes by making river basins, U and I shaped valleys, small hills etc.
What are the internal factors that bring changes on the earth's surface?
The internal factors that bring changes on the earth's surface are as follows:
What are the external factors that bring changes on the earth's surface ?
Rivers, glacial currents, waves, rainfall and living beings are some of the external factors that bring changes on the earth's surface.
What do you mean by oceans?
The water masses on the earth are called oceans.
List the continents of the earth.
The continents of the earth are as follows:
List the oceans of the earth.
There are five oceans which are as follows :
What do you mean by the internal factors of the earth's surface?
The interior forces that cause changes in earth's surface are known as the internal factors of the earth's surface.
What are the apparent landforms formed by the external factors?
Alluvial plains, floodplains, U-shaped and I-shaped valleys, river basins, hanging valleys are some of the apparent land forms formed by the external factors.
All together how many oceans and continents are there?
There are altogether seven continents and five oceans.
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